More
specifically, the architecture of the multi-link rear
suspension
provides greater latitude in suspension tuning
(coupling between the
wheel position and vertical suspension travel) and
elasto-kinematics
(affecting the wheel position on application of
longitudinal or lateral
force) than a trailing arm set-up. For example, having
flexible bushes
on the lower link at the front and stiff bushes on the
lower link at
the rear induces slight toe-in or toe-out when lateral
force is
applied, thus greatly improving the stability of the
rear suspension
under load.
The rear suspension bushes of the C6 also play a role
in separating the damping and steering functions.
The radial stiffness of these bushes helps to transmit
lateral forces
and to maintain the wheel position during cornering.
When the
suspension moves, the mounts are twisted. The more
flexible they are,
the less stiffness they create in vertical movement of
the wheel.
Separating the radial and torsional characteristics of
the bushes thus
provides improved comfort and roadholding.
The C6 suspension bushes take advantage of the
intrinsic
characteristics of rubber, a material whose stiffness
varies depending
on the frequency and severity of the loads to which it
is submitted.
The hydro-elastic mounts located under the rear axle
cross-member serve to filter and adjust vibration
frequencies.
Intelligent suspension: active suspension with
electronically controlled springing and damping
Continuing
a long line of executive Citroën models, the C6
features hydraulic
suspension with self-levelling, thus allowing good
suspension
flexibility for optimum comfort.
The suspension relies on cylinders
that transmit the suspension load to nitrogen-filled
spheres that play
the role of air cushions (or springs in a conventional
system) to
provide support for the vehicle. Dampers limit body
movement by
restricting the quantity of oil flowing between the
cylinders and the
spheres.
Vehicle height is managed by wheel movement sensors.
Pressure sensors
calculate the load on each axle, and the electric pump
(integrated with
the built-in hydraulic interface) generates the
pressure necessary to
raise the vehicle to the correct height.
Each cylinder is linked to a wheel sphere as well as
to one or two
central spheres depending on the axle. These spheres
can be isolated by
means of a solenoid.
The suspension of the C6 thus features two stiffness
settings, as on
the C5. The choice will depend on road characteristics
and driver input.
This highly flexible and comfortable suspension system
changes to a
firmer setting to optimize body control during
cornering, acceleration
or braking. It is a system that combines comfort with
exceptional
roadholding.
To further increase the efficiency of the suspension
system with its
new multi-link rear suspension, the C6 gains a second
central sphere on
the rear axle, thus making sure that passengers at the
back enjoy the
same high standards of comfort as passengers at the
front.
Additionally, the two hydraulic suspension settings
are complemented by
16 variable damping settings that are managed
independently for the
four wheels. Damping control settings are switched at
high speed (in
2.5 ms, or up to 400 times per second), thus
allowing the system
to control the load on each wheel in real time by
altering damping
control during vertical movement of the suspension.
The system can thus
effectively soak up bumps or dips in the road surface.
The suspension control system collects all the
information relating to
the state of the road and driver input: movement and
speed of vertical
movement of each wheel, vehicle load, vehicle speed,
engine torque,
braking pressure, lateral acceleration, steering wheel
angle,
etc. Through this information, the system
is able to "read"
the road, adapting to its characteristics and to
driver input in order
to improve comfort and body control.
The suspension control unit has two operating modes:
“SkyHook” and “RoadHook”.
SkyHook, the main operating mode, places the emphasis
on comfort and
body control. Using the above data and a model of
vehicle suspension,
it reconstitutes vehicle movement with reference to a
fixed point (the
sky), rather than a moving point such as the road.
The system calculates the damping force to be
generated to simulate a
vehicle whose dampers are linked not to the road but
to a point at a
constant height that is moving with the car. Using
this artificial
calculation, the system applies the real-time damping
force necessary
to minimise body movement in relation to the fixed
point and thus in
relation to the sky, hence the name of SkyHook.
As a result, passengers have the impression of a
"magic carpet" ride.
When the driver adopts a sportier driving style, a
second operating
mode called RoadHook kicks in. This mode places the
emphasis on road
holding. The objective here is to apply to each wheel
the force
necessary to adapt to the characteristics of the road.
The switch from
SkyHook to RoadHook depends on input from the driver
during
acceleration or braking. After these transitions, the
hydropneumatic
suspension will have switched to a stiff setting and
damping control is
adjusted for each of the four wheels.
The suspension of the C6 features a "sport" position.
This allows the
driver to choose a more dynamic driving style for
sporting sensations.
Some specific situations are processed by special
programs in order to make full use of the suspension's
potential.
-
An "impact" program detects major obstacles
encountered by
the front wheels (potholes, speed bumps, etc.) and
instantly switches
to a higher damping control setting to soak up the
vibrations. The
system calculates the time elapsing before the
rear wheels go over the
same obstacle, based on the vehicle's current
speed. Damping is thus
reduced in order to better soak up the obstacle
and limit the effect
felt by the passengers.
-
A "wheel bounce" program detects bouncing of the
wheels on
poor surfaces (speed bumps, …) that adversely
effect wheel-road contact
and – in consequence – vehicle behaviour, stopping
distances and
vibration control. This module makes it possible
to increase damping
only in these cases, without affecting comfort in
other situations.
This ensures perfect damping whenever
necessary.
This suspension maintains the vehicle at a constant
ride height, regardless of the vehicle load and number
of passengers
and to insure this, body height is monitored in
real time.
In
specified conditions, this system can automatically
lower the vehicle
by around a dozen millimetres from 110 kph, thus
optimising high-speed
steering as well as fuel consumption.
This suspension requires no maintenance for five years
or 200,000 km.