New technology
for the new century
The Xsara
Dynactive makes its world debut on the Citroën stand at the 2000 Geneva
Motor Show. A parallel hybrid, the Xsara Dynactive is an ecological
vehicle that respects the environment and also the well-being of its
occupants.
The Xsara
Dynactive is a logical step forward in the approach adopted by Citroën
in recent years. The marque's objective is to develop - for each type
of customer usage - a vehicle that is both environment-friendly and
efficient. The Xsara Dynactive takes this approach one step further.
With the all-electric vehicles already on the market (Saxo, Berlingo
commercial model ), the hybrid vehicles ( Xsara Dynalto , Saxo and Berlingo
Dynavolt ), and now with the Xsara Dynactive, Citroën is developing
a range of realistic solutions that protect the environment while also
meeting the requirements of motorists.
The electric
variants of the Saxo and Berlingo are designed to respect the urban
environment with a range of 80 km and no CO2 emissions.
The Berlingo
Dynavolt combines the advantages of an all-electric vehicle with an
impressive range of 260 km, 80 km in ZEV mode, and a reduction in CO2
emissions of between 25% and 100% depending on the type of use.
The Xsara
Dynalto could be put into production in the near future. It heralds a
new form of driving comfort with a 20% decrease in C02 emissions in the
city and a range of 730 km.
The Xsara
Dynactive combines driving pleasure and environmental protection. At
the same time, it sets high standards of performance with a 35%
reduction in fuel consumption and C02 emissions, a range of 1,000 km
and excellent ecological performance with no pollutant emissions and no
noise in electric mode.
The Xsara
Dynactive explores new possibilities in parallel hybrid design. Based
on an Exclusive estate, the Xsara Dynactive is equipped with a 55 kW
(75 bhp) combustion engine and a 25 kW (34 bhp) electric motor coupled
on the same shaft, upstream of the Autoactive automatic gearbox. In
this configuration, the electric motor can work with the gear ratios to
play a fill role in all phases of driving. The electronic supervisor
optimises the use of each powertrain component in order to reduce fuel
consumption, limit C02 emissions and enhance driving pleasure.
The Xsara
Dynactive can function in ZEV (Zero Emission Vehicle) mode. In this
mode of operation, it produces no pollutant emissions and makes no
noise, since it uses the electric motor alone. The Xsara Dynactive has
an original powertrain architecture that makes ZEV mode particularly
effective in the city. ZEV mode is activated by setting a switch on the
automatic gearbox to a specific position. The range is 20 km.
The Xsara
Dynactive combines consumption, performance and respect for the
environment. Energy efficiency is optimised:
-
The
combustion engine is used only when it offers a higher level of
efficiency. Otherwise, the electric motor automatically takes
over.
-
The
combustion engine cuts out automatically when it is no longer needed,
at traffic lights or in traffic jams, for example. And it starts up
again automatically when the traffic starts moving.
-
Energy is
recovered during the deceleration phase. The Xsara Dynactive
automatically modifies the operation of the electric motor, which
becomes a generator. Instead of drawing energy from the battery, it
recharges it. Since the use of the electric motor is limited by the
energy available in the battery, regeneration takes place automatically
when the impact is least penalising for the driver.
A multifunction screen on the
central console shows the flow of energy between the wheels,
powerplants and battery in real time. In ZEV mode, the screen shows the
range.
The Xsara
Dynactive is equipped with an electronic supervisor controlling the
engines and transmission on the basis of five possible modes:
-
traction
provided by the combustion engine and electric motor together;
-
traction
provided by the combustion engine alone, with the electric motor
off;
-
traction
provided by the combustion engine, which also recharges the battery;
the electric motor is in generator mode;
-
traction
provided by the electric motor alone, with the combustion engine off
(ZEV mode);
-
deceleration,
descent... energy is recovered by the electric motor in generator mode
(battery recharge).
By combining
the Autoactive gearbox with the hybrid powerplant, Citroën has made
fresh progress towards "made-to-measure" driving comfort. The
information on driving style detected by the gearbox affects not only
the gear shifts, but also the operating variants of the hybrid
powertrain. The Xsara Dynactive allies new technology with volume
produced components of proven reliability and moderate cost: the TU
engine and the Autoactive gearbox. Working in synergy, these components
provide a unique range of services.
The Xsara
Dynactive provides the link between the individual pursuit of driving
pleasure and the collective pursuit of environmental protection. Its
smooth performance and excellent range brings the driver peace of mind
- while its low emissions and ZEV mode ensure that it fits in with its
living environment.
|
Characteristics
of the Xsara Dynactive
Developed
by the research division using digital simulation techniques, the
electronic management system is the real nerve centre of the Xsara
Dynactive.
The
supervisor initiates a dialogue and controls the computers installed on
other parts such as the engines, automatic gearbox and battery.
The
1.4l petrol combustion engine (TU3JP) is a modified version of the
unit currently fitted on the Xsara. The two main changes concern the
fitting of an electronic throttle and the development of a new computer
programme that sets up a dialogue with the supervisor and executes its
orders. Controlled by the electronic unit on the automatic gearbox, the
engine is coupled with a wet clutch. Offering a capacity of 1,360
cm3, it develops 55 kW (75 bhp) at 5,500 rpm with torque of 111 Nm
(11.5m.kg) at 3,400 rpm. The engine is fitted with the recent
upgrades made to the TU range to reduce consumption and improve driving
pleasure, notably a new combustion chamber, roller-type rocker arms and
new injectors.
The
electric motor is fitted between the combustion engine and the
automatic gearbox (in the space normally occupied by the converter).
Integral with the primary shaft and measuring 70 mm in width, it is a
permanent magnet synchronous motor.
The
maximum power is 25 kW between 2,000 and 6,000 rpm for minimum voltage
of 40 V. It offers maximum torque of 130 Nm between 0 and 2,000
rpm. The electric motor performs the following functions:
traction, start up of the combustion engine, energy recovery and
recharging of the battery.
The
Autoactive automatic gearbox's self-adapting qualities and
flexibility made it a natural choice for the powertrain of the Xsara
Dynactive. The programming laws of the electronic controller have been
modified to satisfy the specific operating requirements of the
combustion engine and electric motor. To fit the electric motor and
clutch into the housing, the automatic gearbox has gained:
-
a new
intermediate housing
-
a new
primary shaft
-
a wet
clutch replacing the converter
-
an
electrically driven oil pump.
The
battery supplying the electric motor is made up of fourteen 12V
monoblock units, each with a nominal output voltage of 168V. The
traction battery is located at the rear of the vehicle under the floor.
The
dashboard of the Xsara Dynactive is fitted with a multifunction screen
showing the energy flows generated by the different types of vehicle
use.
The
modified gear shift comprises five positions, displayed on the
instrument cluster:
|
P:
R:
N:
D:
ZEV:
|
parking
reverse
neutral
drive
electric
mode (Zero Emission Vehicle)
|
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The Xsara
Dynactive also has the following distinctive characteristics:
-
a 12V
battery for on-board functions supplied by a high-voltage/low-voltage
converter,
-
an
inverter transforming direct current into alternate current for the
electric motor.
The kerb weight is 1.450 kg
for the prototype with a long-term objective of 1.300 kg.
Performance
(DIN half-load)
|
0-400 m
(s)
0-1,000 m
(s)
0 to
100km/h(s)
Top
speed
(km/h)
Acceleration 80 to l2O km/h(s)
Consumption
(CEN 93116 cycle)
Combined
(l/100km)
CO2
emissions (g/km)
|
18,6
33,7
12,6
170
11,3
5,2
(54.32 mpg)
124
|
|